如何觀看工控主板(ban)的做工質量?下面一起來(lai)學習下吧。

　　一、布(bu)線設計

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)一(yi)門比較專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學問(wen)，它要(yao)視(shi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路特(te)性進(jin)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)處理(li)方式。工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)采(cai)(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"蛇(she)行(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)"就很(hen)有講(jiang)究，有些人(ren)認為(wei)(wei)蛇(she)行(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)越(yue)多就說明有更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)水平，這種觀點是(shi)錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。采(cai)(cai)用蛇(she)行(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)有兩個(ge)(ge)：一(yi)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了保證布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等長，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)像CPU到北橋芯片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時鐘(zhong)(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，它不(bu)同(tong)(tong)于普通電器上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路，在(zai)這些線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路上(shang)以(yi)100MHz左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)高(gao)速(su)運行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號對線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)十分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏感,不(bu)等長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時鐘(zhong)(zhong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路會(hui)引(yin)起信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)步進(jin)而造成(cheng)系統不(bu)穩(wen),這樣某些線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路需(xu)要(yao)以(yi)彎曲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式走線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),以(yi)調(diao)節長度(du);另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)使用蛇(she)行(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常見(jian)原因(yin)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)減(jian)少(shao)電磁輻射(EMI)對主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)其余部件(jian)(jian)和人(ren)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)速(su)而單調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字信號會(hui)大(da)大(da)地干擾主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)模擬(ni)器件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，如AC''97芯片或(huo)板(ban)(ban)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)貓等。平常抑制EMI的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種簡便方法就是(shi)通過(guo)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)蛇(she)形(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，來盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)多吸收消化輻射。采(cai)(cai)用蛇(she)行(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有了上(shang)面這些好(hao)(hao)處，并不(bu)是(shi)說在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)使用蛇(she)行(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)越(yue)多越(yue)好(hao)(hao)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)過(guo)多過(guo)密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)會(hui)造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏密(mi)不(bu)均(jun)，會(hui)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)應使工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)各(ge)部分線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路密(mi)度(du)差別不(bu)大(da)，并且要(yao)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)均(jun)勻分布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)否則很(hen)容易造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)穩(wen)定。

　　二、做工用料

　　1、PCB(印刷電路(lu)板)的做(zuo)工(gong)

　　質(zhi)量有(you)保(bao)證的PC板(ban)色彩基本保(bao)持一致(zhi)，光潔度(du)好(hao)，看(kan)起(qi)來油(you)光發亮的一般質(zhi)量就比較好(hao)。PCB板(ban)層數一般的標準是4、6層板(ban)，當然6層板(ban)質(zhi)量要(yao)好(hao)很多。

　　2、SMT(表面貼裝)元(yuan)器件(jian)的做工

　　主要通過(guo)觀察某些元器(qi)件貼裝(zhuang)精(jing)度來判定主板的生產(chan)工藝是否精(jing)良，標準的元器(qi)件貼裝(zhuang)定位準確，沒有偏移(yi)。

　　3、工控主板用(yong)料

　　名牌大廠所生產的工(gong)控(kong)主板用(yong)料，像(xiang)CPU插座(zuo)、擴(kuo)展槽和插槽等都采用(yong)名廠的插接(jie)界面元器件，主板的性能(neng)也就(jiu)不(bu)用(yong)多說了(le)。